ant是jakarta一个非常好的OpenSource子项目，是基于java的编译工具。下面简单介绍一下在linux环境中如何安装ant：
1.下载
从 http://ant.apache.org/bindownload.cgi 可以下载最新的tar包：apache-ant-1.6.2.tar.gz，如果是windows环境则是zip文件，解压后，在系统环境变量里设置ANT_HOME为f:\project\tools\apache-ant-1.6.2，并将f:\project\tools\apache-ant-1.6.2\bin目录添加到classpath中，然后就可以使用了
2.安装，解压到/usr/local下
> tar zxpvf apache-ant-1.6.2.tar.gz
> ln -s apache-ant-1.6.2 ant
3.设置环境
将ANT_HOME设置到当前用户的.bash_profile文件/home/admin/.bash_profile
[admin@tangtang home]$ su - admin
[admin@tangtang home]$ vi .bash_profile
export ANT_HOME=/usr/local/ant
export PATH=/usr/local/ant/bin:$PATH
如果是windows环境，需要设置%ANT_HOME%，并把%ANT_HOME%\bin目录全路径加入到%path%中
4.测试
用ant命令测试运行情况
[admin@tangtang home]$ ant
Buildfile: build.xml does not exist!
Build failed
[admin@tangtang home]$ ant -version
Apache Ant version 1.6.2 compiled on July 16 2004
若出现这样的错误：Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/tools/ant/launch/Launcher
这是linux系统默认安装了一些ant的lib，修改 /etc/ant.conf中 ANT_HOME=/usr/share/ant 为你正确安装ant的地址，如 /usr/local/ant
5、build脚本
如果是在linux环境中，下面是build脚本的一个范例：
#build脚本
#! /bin/sh
# 进入到上级目录
cd `dirname $0`/..
# 获取当前目录为PROJECT_HOME
PROJECT_HOME=`pwd`
# 设置JAVA_HOME
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/cyber/java
# 得到CLASSPATH
CLASSPATH1=$CLASSPATH
# 添加CLASSPATH
CLASSPATH=${PROJECT_HOME}\webapps\WEB-INF\conf:${PROJECT_HOME}\webapps\WEB-INF\classes:$CLASSPATH
# ant build，-buildfile 参数，是使用自定义的build.xml文件，$@是参数数组
/usr/local/ant/bin/ant -buildfile ${PROJECT_HOME}/build/build.xml "$@"
# build脚本结束
如果是在windows环境中，下面是build.bat脚本的一个范例：
# build.bat
# 关闭echo显示
@echo off
# 设置%JAVA_HOME%
if "%JAVA_HOME%"=="" set JAVA_HOME=f:\tools\java
# 设置%ANT_HOME%
if "%ANT_HOME%"=="" set ANT_HOME=f:\tools\ant
# 设置PROJECT_HOME
set PROJECT_HOME = %CD%\..
set CLASSPATH_BAK=%CLASSPATH%
set CLASSPATH=
# 执行build
%ANT_HOME%\bin\ant.bat -buildfile ..\build\build.xml %1 %2 %3 %4 %5 %6 %7 %8 %9
6、build配置文件
在${PROJECT_HOME}/build目录下面，需要定义两个文件，一个是build.properties，一个是build.xml
build.properties文件定义了build的一些常量
# build.properties
project = tangtang
version = 1.1.1
# 采用classic编译，即采用ant编译
build.compiler = classic
# 采用jikes编译
#build.compiler = jikes
year = 2004
debug = on
optimize = on
deprecation = on
os = linux
author = tangtang
email = syvin_tom@hotmail.com
url = www.tangtang.org
company = tangtang.org
build.xml文件是ant编译的主要配置文件，ant功能强大，需要通过相应的配置项来表现。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312"?>
<!-- Build file for project -->
<project name="cyber" default="jar" basedir=".">
<property file="${user.home}/.ant.properties" />
<!-- ant build properties -->
<property file="build.properties"/>
<property name="build.dir" value=".."/>
<property name="build.src" value="${build.dir}/webapps/WEB-INF/src/java"/>
<property name="build.dest" value="${build.dir}/webapps/WEB-INF/classes"/>
<property name="build.lib" value="${build.dir}/webapps/WEB-INF/lib"/>
<property name="build.ext" value="./lib"/>
<property name="build.tpl" value="${build.dir}/webapps/WEB-INF/templates"/>
<property name="build.encoding" value="gb2312"/>
<property name="src.java.dir" value="../src/java"/>
<property name="javadoc.destdir" value="../docs/api"/>
<property name="javadoc.link" value="http://www.tangtang.org/java/docs/api/"/>
<property name="final.name" value="${project}-${version}"/>
<property name="dist.root" value="${build.dir}/dist"/>
<property name="dist.dir" value="${dist.root}/${final.name}"/>
<path id="classpath">
<pathelement path="${java.class.path}/"/>
<fileset dir="${build.lib}">
<include name="*.jar"/>
</fileset>
<fileset dir="${build.ext}">
<include name="*.jar"/>
</fileset>
</path>
<property name="classpath" refid="classpath"/>
<!-- =================================================================== -->
<!-- prints the environment -->
<!-- =================================================================== -->
<target name="env">
<echo message="build.compiler = ${build.compiler}"/>
<echo message="java.home = ${java.home}"/>
<echo message="user.home = ${user.home}"/>
<!--echo message="java.class.path = ${java.class.path}"/-->
<echo message="classpath = ${classpath}"/>
</target>
<!-- =================================================================== -->
<!-- Prepares the build directory -->
<!-- =================================================================== -->
<target name="prepare" depends="env">
<tstamp/>
<filter token="year" value="${year}"/>
<filter token="version" value="${version}"/>
<filter token="date" value="${DSTAMP}"/>
<!--
<mkdir dir="${build.dir}"/>
<mkdir dir="${build.dest}"/>
<mkdir dir="${build.src}"/>
-->
<!-- chose a class that's from j2ee.jar -->
<available classname="javax.sql.DataSource"
property="J2EE.present">
<classpath refid = "classpath"/>
</available>
</target>
<target name="J2EE-error" depends="prepare" unless="J2EE.present">
<echo>
********************************************************
**
** J2EE has not been found and is needed for the target
** you have chosen
**
** Since CLASSPATH is an evil idea, just link or drop
** a copy of your j2ee.jar into build/lib directory.
**
*********************************************************
</echo>
</target>
<target name="init">
<echo>
build init
build compile
</echo>
<mkdir dir="${build.dir}/data"/>
<mkdir dir="${build.dir}/logs"/>
<mkdir dir="${build.dir}/dist"/>
</target>
<target name="jar" depends="compile">
<mkdir dir="${dist.root}"/>
<delete dir="${dist.root}/${project}-${version}.jar"/>
<jar jarfile="${dist.root}/${project}-${version}.jar">
<fileset dir="${build.dest}">
<include name="org/tangtang/**"/>
<exclude name="org/tangtang/test/**"/>
</fileset>
</jar>
</target>
<target name="srcjar" depends="prepare">
<delete dir="${dist.root}/${project}-${version}-src.jar"/>
<jar jarfile="${dist.root}/${project}-${version}-src.jar">
<fileset dir="${build.src}">
<include name="org/tangtang/**"/>
<include name="org/tangtang/test/**"/>
</fileset>
</jar>
</target>
<target name="tpl" depends="env">
<jar jarfile="${dist.root}/${project}-${version}-tpl.jar">
<fileset dir="${build.tpl}">
<include name="tangtang/**"/>
</fileset>
</jar>
</target>
<target name="javadocs">
<mkdir dir="${build.dir}/docs/api"/>
<javadoc
sourcepath="${build.src}"
overview="${build.dir}/docs/overview.html"
packagenames="org.tangtang.*"
destdir="${build.dir}/docs/api"
encoding="${build.encoding}"
author="true"
version="true"
use="true"
link="${javadoc.link}"
windowtitle="${project} ${version} API"
doctitle="${project} ${version} API"
bottom="Copyright © ${year} tangtang.org. All Rights Reserved."
>
<tag name="todo" description="To Do:"/>
</javadoc>
</target>
<target name="poolman" depends="prepare">
<jar jarfile="${dist.root}/poolman.jar">
<fileset dir="${build.dest}">
<include name="com/codestudio/**"/>
</fileset>
</jar>
</target>
<target name="nightly" depends="prepare">
<tstamp/>
<jar jarfile="${dist.root}/nightly/${project}-${version}-${DSTAMP}-src.jar">
<fileset dir="${build.src}">
<include name="org/tangtang/**"/>
</fileset>
</jar>
</target>
<target name="compile" depends="prepare">
<mkdir dir="${build.dest}"/>
<!-- 检查依赖性 -->
<depend srcdir="${build.src}"
destdir="${build.dest}"
cache="${build.dest}">
<classpath refid="classpath"/>
</depend>
<javac srcdir="${build.src}"
destdir="${build.dest}"
debug="${debug}"
deprecation="${deprecation}"
optimize="${optimize}">
<classpath refid="classpath"/>
</javac>
</target>
<target name="clean">
<delete>
<fileset dir="${build.dest}">
<include name="**/*.class"/>
</fileset>
</delete>
</target>
<target name="clean_dist">
<delete>
<fileset dir="${dist.root}" includes="*"/>
</delete>
<delete dir="${dist.dir}" quiet="false"/>
</target>
<target name="deploy" depends="jar">
<mkdir dir="${dist.dir}/data"/>
<mkdir dir="${dist.dir}/logs"/>
<copy todir="${dist.dir}/bin">
<fileset dir="${build.dir}/bin">
<include name="*"/>
</fileset>
</copy>
<fixcrlf srcdir="${dist.dir}/bin" eol="lf" eof="remove"
includes="**/*"
excludes="**/*.bat"
/>
<copy todir="${dist.dir}/conf">
<fileset dir="${build.dir}/conf">
<include name="templates/*"/>
<exclude name="*"/>
<exclude name="**/*.bak"/>
<exclude name="**/bak/**"/>
</fileset>
</copy>
<copy todir="${dist.dir}/build">
<fileset dir="${build.dir}/build">
<include name="*"/>
<include name="lib/*"/>
<exclude name="**/*.bak"/>
<exclude name="**/bak/**"/>
</fileset>
</copy>
<copy todir="${dist.dir}/templates">
<fileset dir="${build.dir}/templates">
<include name="**/*.vm"/>
<exclude name="**/*.bak"/>
<exclude name="**/bak/**"/>
</fileset>
</copy>
<copy todir="${dist.dir}/webapps/html">
<fileset dir="${build.dir}/webapps/html">
<include name="**/*"/>
<exclude name="**/*.bak"/>
<exclude name="**/bak/**"/>
</fileset>
</copy>
<copy todir="${dist.dir}/webapps/applet">
<fileset dir="${build.dir}/webapps/applet">
<include name="**/*"/>
<exclude name="**/*.bak"/>
<exclude name="**/bak/**"/>
</fileset>
</copy>
<copy todir="${dist.dir}/webapps/icons">
<fileset dir="${build.dir}/webapps/icons">
<include name="**/*.gif"/>
<include name="**/*.jpg"/>
<exclude name="**/*.bak"/>
<exclude name="**/bak/**"/>
</fileset>
</copy>
<copy todir="${dist.dir}/webapps/images">
<fileset dir="${build.dir}/webapps/images">
<include name="**/*.gif"/>
<include name="**/*.jpg"/>
<exclude name="**/*.bak"/>
<exclude name="**/bak/**"/>
</fileset>
</copy>
<copy todir="${dist.dir}/webapps/WEB-INF/">
<fileset dir="${build.dir}/webapps/WEB-INF/">
<include name="**/*"/>
<exclude name="classes/**"/>
<exclude name="conf/*"/>
<exclude name="src/**"/>
</fileset>
</copy>
<jar jarfile="${dist.root}/${project}-${version}-war.jar">
<fileset dir="${dist.dir}">
<include name="**/*"/>
</fileset>
</jar>
</target>
<target name="conf">
<delete>
<fileset dir="${build.dir}/conf" includes="*"/>
<fileset dir="${build.dir}/webapps/WEB-INF/conf" includes="*"/>
</delete>
<filter filtersfile="deploy.properties"/>
<copy todir="${build.dir}/conf" filtering="true">
<fileset dir="${build.dir}/conf/templates">
<include name="*"/>
</fileset>
</copy>
<copy todir="${build.dir}/webapps/WEB-INF/conf" filtering="true">
<fileset dir="${build.dir}/webapps/WEB-INF/conf/templates">
<include name="*"/>
</fileset>
</copy>
</target>
</project>
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